Stop Testing On Animals Essays - Animal Rights, Animal Welfare

Stop Testing on Animals By Noah Bracking March, 1999 Testing on animals started many years ago with the Greece people. It helped to improve medical technology and kept people safe. However, testing on animals has been taken too far. A healthy guinea pig or a playful dog have been put through troublesome experiences. Needles have been stuck through their eyes, poisonous medication has been shoved down their throats, their fur is shaved off, and they are fed unknown trial foods. All to get products out in the markets. I am against animal testing, because I believe that it does not work. It is only to make money from the government. In this world, animals don't have equal rights. There are too many people that believe that humans are much more superior than animals. Does Animal testing really work? Many times it does work, but only after killing several animals. There is more that meets the eye with animal testing. Companies can obtain accurate results without using animals, but they still use animals. Is it simply for entertainment? Or is it because government pays money for each tests and the testers want the money? Several things do not prove animal testing good. For example: -One hundred milligrams of scopolamine leaves dogs and cats unaffected, but five milligrams are sufficient to kill a human being. -Does your cat have the sniffles? Be sure not to give her any aspirin unless, of course, you want to kill her. -Do we want cooks to stop using parsley? Let's give it to a parrot and you will find him stone dead in the morning. -Or do we want penicillin to disappear from all drugstore counters? Let's give guinea-pigs a taste of it, and they will promptly die from it. -Are you asked to demonstrate the uselessness of vitamin C? Then remove it entirely from the diet of some animal that's close at hand ? a dog, cat, rat, mouse, hamster. They will nevertheless stay healthy, because their organisms produce their own vitamin C. But we may not withhold it from guinea-pigs, primates, or humans. Deprived of all vitamin C they would eventually all die form scurvy. These few things should show you that if animals react in such a different way from human beings, how can one test on them, medications that are intended for us? Alternatives If you think all animal testing is bad but there is no other way. You are wrong. There are many alternatives to animal testing and they work without harming a single soul. To test without animals a company has to take an item common with a human and test on that. For instance: -Eytex is done with test tubes and measures eye irritancy with a jack bean, which is like a human's eye. -We could also test with human tissue. And don't worry this will not harm the human either. -We have also tried growing human skin in a bag. This worked but was very costly. -We can also use technology called TOPKAT. These are very possible alternatives; they are just not used because of the large costs. But how can we continue to harm animals? We've made monkeys smoke hundreds of cigarettes just to test lung cancer and we have cut up animals and left them to die. Can you imagine that a dog that has been tested on several times has become very violent and could wind up in a home with a little child? We must stop testing on living animals who have been put on this earth for a reason which is certainly not for killing them. And lastly, we must learn to live and let live.

Free Essays on Christmas

Imagine walking through an average family’s Christmas celebration one might see, opening of presents around the Christmas tree, family dinner, engaging in friendly conversation. Some of the things you might smell fresh pine from the pine tree, the smell of peppermint from the candy canes dangling from the tree. In my family we tend to do everything a little different. While other families are having the traditional Christmas, my family has a tradition of its own to follow. The smell of freshly cooked pancakes, bacon and eggs and freshly squeezed orange juice tickles your nose hairs to wake up any that dares to sleep late on Christmas Eve. The breakfast table is set for a king. Plates full of pancakes, French toast, bacon, ham, eggs, coffee, tea, orange juice. With every bite just as savory as the last one might wish for this meal to never end. With every tasteful bite you can feel the juices running down the side of your mouth. Even though you’re full from the food you want to complete the meal. After the breakfast buffet is over the children with their filled little bellies sit around the television and watch cartoons. As the children are watching the morning cartoons my parents begin to set up the Christmas Eve present opening. Every Christmas each family member is able to open one gift. The gifts are usually not big gifts. These gifts are brought just for the purpose of being opened on Christmas Eve. After all of the gifts are opened my mother walks around with a big black plastic bag to collect all the wrapping paper. When the cleaning is finished believe it or not it is time for lunch. You would think after a big breakfast like that who would have room for another meal. Every meal is important from breakfast to dinner. So at lunch we have a family based discussion, generally the conversation ranges from school to life. Those that are young and old participate. Around this time is when the extended fam... Free Essays on Christmas Free Essays on Christmas Christmas Time Everyone has their favorite place in this world. My favorite place is my grandparents’ house at Christmas time. This is a time where my entire family is together and we all spend quality time together. All of my aunts, uncles, and cousins are all together at one time. This is the only time all year when we are all together. My grandma is constantly cooking while all my aunts are running around trying to get everything else together. My grandpa, uncles, and cousins all make and set up luminarias around the neighborhood. These are reasons why my grandparents’ house at Christmas time is my favorite place. When you walk into my grandparents’ house during Christmas, you will immediately be engulfed by a beautiful smell of food. My grandma in my opinion is one of the best cooks. Every Christmas we have tamales, beans, rice, and chili. She prepares for Christmas Eve about a week in advance. She buys all of the supplies she needs to make all of the wonderful food that she makes. The first things that she will make are biscochitos. My grandma always makes about fifteen dozen of these cookies. Then she will prepare the meat for the tamales, and the chili. Then on Christmas Eve morning she will start the huge pot of chili. She lets it cook all day until we return from mass in the evening. While my grandma is cooking my aunts and my mom are busy cleaning and making sure everyone is ready for the night. The men and all the kids are outside setting up luminarias. I cannot remember a Christmas without luminarias. I know that this is a tradition that my family has had for many years. My grandpa buys enough bags and candles to light up the entire city it seems like. It has always been something that I look forward to each Christmas. My cousins and I start folding bags in the morning. Then around one in the afternoon we all head outside to start filling the bags with dirt and candles. We all go o... Free Essays on Christmas Imagine walking through an average family’s Christmas celebration one might see, opening of presents around the Christmas tree, family dinner, engaging in friendly conversation. Some of the things you might smell fresh pine from the pine tree, the smell of peppermint from the candy canes dangling from the tree. In my family we tend to do everything a little different. While other families are having the traditional Christmas, my family has a tradition of its own to follow. The smell of freshly cooked pancakes, bacon and eggs and freshly squeezed orange juice tickles your nose hairs to wake up any that dares to sleep late on Christmas Eve. The breakfast table is set for a king. Plates full of pancakes, French toast, bacon, ham, eggs, coffee, tea, orange juice. With every bite just as savory as the last one might wish for this meal to never end. With every tasteful bite you can feel the juices running down the side of your mouth. Even though you’re full from the food you want to complete the meal. After the breakfast buffet is over the children with their filled little bellies sit around the television and watch cartoons. As the children are watching the morning cartoons my parents begin to set up the Christmas Eve present opening. Every Christmas each family member is able to open one gift. The gifts are usually not big gifts. These gifts are brought just for the purpose of being opened on Christmas Eve. After all of the gifts are opened my mother walks around with a big black plastic bag to collect all the wrapping paper. When the cleaning is finished believe it or not it is time for lunch. You would think after a big breakfast like that who would have room for another meal. Every meal is important from breakfast to dinner. So at lunch we have a family based discussion, generally the conversation ranges from school to life. Those that are young and old participate. Around this time is when the extended fam...

Principles of Home Microeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Principles of Home Microeconomics - Assignment Example Newspaper vending machines are designed so that once you have paid for one paper you have access to all the papers in the machine and could take multiple papers at a time. However, other vending machines dispense only one item (the item you bought). You do not have access to all the goods (sodas, candy, snacks, etc.) at one time. Using the concept of marginal utility, explain why these vending machines differ? Newspapers are mutually exclusive, once the first paper is picked; the marginal utility of picking the second paper is almost zero. Note that the news found in the second newspaper picked are the same as the first newspaper hence picking the second paper constitutes negligible utility gain hence no need for restriction. However, customers will always have an incentive to pick different goods from the other vending machines since every second good picked has a utility gain, hence the restriction. For instance, a combination of soda and snacks yield to a higher utility than soda alone. Contrary to the normal supply curve, labor supply curve is not purely positively sloped but bends backward changing to negative slope at higher wages. This is due to contradicting forces of substation effect and income effects as wage rises. Workers substitute working hours for leisure. Wage rise increases the incentive to work hence positive substitution effect. On the other hand, increase in wage implies that workers can achieve their target income by working fewer hours hence the negative income effect. At low wages, substitution effect is more than income affects hence the total effect s positive. However, as wages rise, income effect increases and at a certain point the total effect becomes zero, then negative, hence the backward turn.

Answer 5 Questions Regarding Business, and Marketing Essay

Answer 5 Questions Regarding Business, and Marketing - Essay Example Franchisees privately own three-quarters of this corporation. The major requirement necessary for the purchase of a franchise include availability of funds to facilitate running of operations; possession of essential management expertise as required by the franchise; and ability to satisfy legal requirements mandated by the selected business. (3, 1) Foreign ownership of franchises is usually subjected to a number of legal restrictions. This varies among countries. Moreover, it is usually faced with a number of setbacks, a useful example being language barrier (1,1; 2, 1) Advertisement is an industry that cannot be separated from the media, production and business sector. Advertisement restrictions are limitations meant to control what is advertised through the media sector. These restrictions limit advertisement by preventing marketing of certain commodity. Consequently, this leads to reduced net income of respective businesses. (1, 1; 5, 1) Advertisement restriction differs among countries. A useful example is Brazil. The advertisement of some products (cigarettes and alcoholic drinks) is only allowed from 2100 hours to 0600 hours. Thus, businesses have been unable to achieve their economic goals on time. Reason being, by restricting advertisement consumer interest and awareness regarding the products will be low. In addition, the market promotion strategy will be negatively affected. Thus, businesses will opt for regions with less restriction. (5, 1) American fast food, music and movies are popular around the world with little production adaptation. U.S retailers, banks and the beer firms have had to make major adaptation to their products. Why? Provide examples. Adaptation involves changes in methods of business. It may include price promotions; and changing the product to make fit the preference of the consumers. Adaptation occurs if a single or more factors are changed. It occurs for attaining competitive gains in the markets.

Co-curricular Essay Example for Free

Co-curricular Essay Co-curricular is one of the activities being neglected in most schools in the past years. Our school being one of them had for long been emphasizing heavily in class work. By doing this, we could not realize our talents which are very basic in making us whole. Activity carried on 4th March last-term made each member of this school to change his or her mind. We witnessed how students have wonderful talents. Our school was among the top competing school in sports activities in this region. Sports has been one of the activity in school that that the administration has been overlooking. The school noted the need to change our strategies and came up with plans which will give students a chance to realize their talents. The school used to conduct classes from eight in the morning to four in the evening. After this, students moved to evening group discussions and thereafter they went back again to their classes for evening preps. These activities made us busy throughout the day before retiring to bed. The school has come up with a strategy that will ensure that students are trained both in class and in the co-curricular activities especially in sports. The School’s schedule is now flexible, as it will now allow students to get involved in these sports activities. Thanks to the students who participated in this event because due to their enthusiasm, passion and spirit in sports the administration made a sensible consideration and made sure that it has allocated time for these activities. I am grateful for this action as it will serve as an example to other learning institutions. Sincerely, References Cooperating School Districts. (2010). Programs and Services: Communications Crisis communication-Letters Assistance. Retrieved on 9 July 2010 from http://www. csd. org/vnews/display. v/ART/44abd0116f2d7

Comparing Moral Systems in Lord of the Flies, Crime and Punishment, Scarlet Letter, and Pygmalion :: comparison compare contrast essays

Superficial Moral Systems Exposed in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, and George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion    "The superficial nature of human moral systems" is a valid concern in society today. This has always been a factor in society that authors have felt the need to address. People see the hypocrisy in themselves and know that it exists in others. The manners that are so commonly used in public are rarely practiced in private. Most people are ashamed to say and do what they believe is right when they are in public. This understanding causes people to worry what other human beings are doing out of the public view. If it weren't for the opinions of others, most of the popular ideas on morality would not be implemented at all. In The Lord of the Flies, the morality of apparently civilized boys gradually seems to vanish in direct relation to the amount of time that they are separated from society. They never understood why they had behaved themselves before they were stranded on the island. They only repeated the moral systems of their parents just as any other perfunctory gesture. As soon as they are on their own, they begin to do what is easiest rather than what is "proper." This concept is not far from what the reaction to any person would be in this situation. If someone found that suddenly he were not longer responsible to anyone, his life would greatly change from the way it was before. People do many things to please family and friends. People only do what is expected. If moral behavior is no longer expected, it will stop being practiced. A perfect example of this human hypocrisy lies in The Scarlet Letter's Arthur Dimmesdale. To his congregation, Dimmesdale is an icon of morality, but he knows better. Every night he beats himself with a "bloody scourge" because he knows that while he is preaching against adultery, he has committed this act. In his Puritan society, what he has done is not allowed. Not only does he not want to be punished, but he also wants to keep his influence in the community. The public opinion is dear to him. He has convinced himself that it is better for everyone if he does not confess, but he knows that he is lying to himself.

Bush Meat: African Apes Essay

The African people, particularly those who live in and near forest areas, have been eating meat of wild animals or bushmeat for centuries. They hunted for subsistence, as bushmeat was a main source of protein in the forest. But as Africa’s forests increasingly become more accessible through urbanization, the hunting for bushmeat in West and Central Africa is now developing into an enormous and extremely profitable commercial trade. In fact, bushmeat is now being exported to and sold in underground markets in the United States and Europe, where bushmeat is treated as a luxury food item like caviar or shark meat. With the increasing demand for bushmeat in and out of Africa and the growing trade that supplies it, bushmeat hunting is now the greatest threat to Africa’s great ape population. Meats from chimpanzees, gorillas and bonobos may only be a small proportion in the bushmeat trade, but because these great apes reproduce more slowly than other mammals the hunting puts them in danger of extinction. The absence of parent apes to nurture their young also poses a risk to the great ape population. Young orphaned apes, because they still don’t have much meat in them to eat, are being sold as pets. Conservationists argue that unless the bushmeat trade is stopped there would be no more viable great ape population within 50 years. There are three African great apes: bonobos, chimpanzees and gorillas. All three are now endangered species. The subsequent ape population estimates provided here, unless otherwise stated, are from 1996 figures. Bonobos can only be found in the Democratic Republic of Congo and were estimated to be 10,000-25,000 in numbers. Western chimpanzees, estimated to be 12,000, could still be found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali, Ghana and Senegal. This sub-species of chimpanzees are now extinct in Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Burkina Faso, Togo and Benin. The central chimpanzee population was estimated to be 80,000. They can still be found in Gabon, Congo (Brazzaville), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria and Angola (Cabinda enclave only). The last sub-species of the chimpanzee is the eastern chimpanzee and could be found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Sudan. Their population was estimated to be 13,000. There are also three sub-species of the gorilla: the western lowland gorilla, the eastern lowland gorilla and the mountain gorilla. The western lowland gorilla, with an estimated population of 110,000, live in the states of Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo (Brazzaville), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Nigeria and Angola. The eastern lowland gorilla, meanwhile, could only be found in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Its population is estimated to range from 8,700-25,500 in 1998. Lastly, the mountain gorilla is the fewest of all the great apes. There are only about 600 of them and they could be found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda. Rose (1998) had cited various studies on bushmeat trade across West and Central Africa. The bushmeat commerce around the Congolese city of Ouesso done by Hennessey found that 64% of the bushmeat in the area came from just one village and that a single hunter could have supplied more than 80 gorillas annually. He also estimated that 19 chimpanzees are killed every year in the city. In the Sangha region, many hunters prefer to trade their bushmeat at Ouesso rather than sell them at logging concessions because in Ouesso they can sell it for a higher price. As cited by Rose, Stromayer & Ekobo had reported that Ouesso and Brazzaville are the â€Å"ultimate sources of demand† for bushmeat. There is also an intense hunting of gorillas and chimpanzees in southeastern Cameroon. Most of the meats hunted here are shipped to the provincial capital of Bertoua and to Yaounde and Douala where hunters could make more profits. Bushmeat trade is also present in villages near Lope, Ndoki and Dja Reserves, and in city markets at Bangui, Kinshasa, Pt Noire and Libreville. Based on the studies on bushmeat commerce, Rose extrapolates that â€Å"the bushmeat trade across equatorial Africa could be more than a two billion-dollar annual business. If logging and hunting continue to expand unchecked, the numbers of monkeys and apes killed for the cooking pot will increase. † A good payoff is a great motivation for hunters of bushmeat. Bowen-Jones (1998) said chimpanzee carcasses in Cameroon could pay as much as $US20 to $25 each. The increase in bushmeat hunting has been fueled by general improvements in infrastructure, which makes road access to forests and transportation to urban markets easier. The growing timber industry, dominated by European-owned companies and increasingly joined by Asian industries, also increased demand and helped facilitate the supply end. The forestry employees hunt so they could provide for their own needs. Commercial hunters abound to provide for the needs of forestry workers and other consumers outside the forested region. Buyers of bushmeat are not just the logging camp families, but also restaurateurs and private feasts in wealthy national capitals. Bushmeat is sold at prices ranging from two to six times that of beef or pork, both of which are readily available to consumers in larger towns and cities. The increasing availability of guns also adds to the pervasiveness of the bushmeat trade. The expansion of commerce in Africa also threatens the cultural heritage of African communities. As cited by Rose (1998), Mordi’s study of attitudes toward wildlife in Botswana found that â€Å"contemporary Africans have lost their traditional ‘theistic’ reverence for wildlife and many have taken on the harshest utilitarian view. † Rose further explained that â€Å"tribal values of conserving and protecting non-human life are rendered spiritually inoperable, while new ecological and ethical foundations for sustaining nature have not emerged. † He also cited Ammann’s talk in Washington DC to report that African tribes that had before forbidden the consumption of primates are now beginning to eat their meat. Rose further says that, in Africa, â€Å"A ‘live for today’ attitude prevails. This holds for people struggling to survive, as well as for wealthy Africans. † Citing Hart’s 1978 study, Bowen-Jones (1998) reported that the change from subsistence to commercial hunting began half a century ago. Hart’s study of the Mbuti Pygmies of the Ituri forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo found that the pygmies had began making contact with meat traders in the 1950s. These meat traders went with them to their forest camps to promote â€Å"intensification of traditional hunting methods such as communal net drives. † Meat, then, was a means for barter. They exchanged it for iron tools, tobacco or agriculturally produced food. In many other places in Central Africa, indigenous forest dwellers have also been trading meat for other commodities for a long time. Bowen-Jones suggested that â€Å"This trading ethos, accompanied in some cases by varying degrees of coercion, has led to an often hierarchical structure in the newly prospering commercial trade in meat from the forest, where Bantu patrons [who are agriculturalists] make use of Pygmy hunters. In other cases, the hunting is carried out by immigrants attracted by work or the prospect of making money by poaching and hunting. However, the common denominator is that, increasingly, animals are hunted not for local consumption but for the urban population centres, where demand keeps prices high and inspires others in the forest to hunt. † Another problem posed by bushmeat hunting is the risk of transmitting dangerous diseases to humans. This is because apes, being the closest living kin to humans, harbor pathogens that also affect humans. The Ebola virus, which is epidemic in chimps and gorillas, has been found to come from dead carcasses of primates and could spread during butchering. Scientists have reported in an Independent Online article by Fox (2004) that the virus breaks out when people slaughter chimpanzees, gorillas and small antelopes. The Ebola virus had killed 29 people in the Congo Republic in January 2004. And always increased animal mortality always comes before the first human cases. HIV, which causes AIDS, is also said to have been transmitted to humans from apes. Hunting and butchering produces blood splatters which can easily create infective aerosols. Rose (1998) reported that medical scientists have discovered evidence that points to western African chimpanzees as the original source of the viruses that causes AIDS. Bushmeat hunting â€Å"could transmit new forms of SIV that could further expand the AIDS epidemic. The illegal bushmeat commerce had before been viewed as a wildlife crisis. But now, with evidence supporting the transfer of epidemic diseases from apes to humans, the bushmeat crisis extends from a problem of ape extinction to a threat to human civilization. To sum up, the illegal bushmeat trade is fueled by: the increasing demand in and out of Africa; the diminishing cultural reverence for wildlife; the rapidly growing timber industry: the improvement of forestry infrastructure like roads, vehicles and camps; and the increasing availability of guns. Some of the consequences of an unregulated bushmeat commerce are as follows: vulnerable and endangered species, including all three African great apes, face extinction; unprotected and unstudied species are put in danger; the ancient culture of African indigenous communities are imperiled; and there is an increased risk of transmitting dangerous diseases to humans. Bibliography: Rose, A. (1998). Growing Commerce In Bushmeat Destroys Great Apes And Threatens Humanity. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http://bushmeat. net/afprimates98. htm Bowen-Jones, E. (1998). A Review of the Commercial Bushmeat Trade with Emphasis on Central/West Africa and the Great Apes. In The African Bushmeat Trade – A Recipe For Extinction. Ape Alliance. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http://www. 4apes. com/bushmeat/report/bushmeat. pdf Fox, M. (2004, January 15). Ebola may come from ‘bush meat’ – study. Independent Online. Retrieved February 22, 2007 from http://www. iol. co. za/index. php? click_id=117&art_id=qw1074190685813B243&set_id=1